Pehea e hana ai nā hōʻailona kumu kūʻai uila

ʻO nā lepili uila kahi ʻenehana ʻike ʻakomi ʻole e hoʻopili ai e hoʻohana ana i nā hōʻailona alapine lekiō e ʻike i nā mea i manaʻo ʻia a loaʻa ka ʻikepili pili.

ʻAʻole koi ka hana ʻike i ke komo ʻana o ke kanaka. Ma ke ʻano he mana uea ʻole o nā barcodes, he pale wai ka ʻenehana RFID, antimagnetic, a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ola lawelawe lōʻihi, mamao heluhelu nui, hiki ke hoʻopāʻālua ʻia ka ʻikepili ma ka lepili, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hiki ke mālama i ka ʻikepili, hiki ke hoʻololi manuahi i ka ʻike mālama a me nā pono ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke ʻano encoding, ka mālama ʻana a me ke ʻano heluhelu-kākau o nā leka uila ʻokoʻa lākou mai nā lepili kuʻuna (e like me nā barcode) a i ʻole nā ​​lepili lima. Mālama ʻia ka mālama ʻana o nā code lepili uila ma ke ʻano heluhelu wale nō a heluhelu-kākau paha ma ke kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia; ʻoi aku hoʻi ke ʻano heluhelu-kākau, Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka lepili uila e ka hoʻoili uila uea ʻole. ʻO nā ʻano loea koʻikoʻi o Nā lepili uila RFID ʻo ia hoʻi: hiki iā ia ke ʻike i kahi mea hoʻokahi loa, ma kahi o hoʻokahi ʻano mea e like me kahi code bar; hiki iā ia ke heluhelu i nā mea he nui i ka manawa like, a hiki ke heluhelu ʻia ke code bar hoʻokahi wale nō; mālama ʻana; He nui loa ka nui o ka ʻike; me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke alapine lekiō, hiki ke heluhelu ʻia ka ʻikepili ma o nā mea o waho, a pono e hilinaʻi nā code bar i ka laser a i ʻole ka infrared e heluhelu i ka ʻike ma luna o ka ʻili o ka mea.

(1) Lepili. Ua haku ʻia ia me nā mea hoʻopili a me nā ʻāpana. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia lepili kahi code uila kū hoʻokahi. Loaʻa i ka lepili uila kiʻekiʻe kahi wahi mālama hiki ke kākau ʻia e ka mea hoʻohana a ua hoʻopili ʻia i kahi mea e ʻike ai i ka mea i manaʻo ʻia.

(2) Mea Heluhelu. He mea paʻa lima a mea paʻa paha e heluhelu (a i kekahi manawa kākau i) ka ʻike lepili.

(3) Antenna. E hoʻouna i ka hōʻailona alapine lekiō ma waena o ka tag a me ka mea heluhelu. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ke kumu hana kumu o ka ʻenehana RFID. Ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ka tag i ke kahua magnetic i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka mea heluhelu, loaʻa iā ia ka hōʻailona alapine lekiō mai ka mea heluhelu, a hoʻohana i ka ikehu i loaʻa e ke au i hoʻokomo ʻia e hoʻouna i ka ʻike huahana (PassiveTag, passive tag a i ʻole passive tag) i mālama ʻia i loko o ka chip, a i ʻole e hoʻouna ikaika i kahi alapine (ActiveTag, active tag a i ʻole active tag); ma hope o ka heluhelu ʻana a me ka wehewehe ʻana o ka mea heluhelu i ka ʻike, hoʻouna ʻia i ke kikowaena hana ʻike o ka ʻōnaehana no ka hana ʻikepili pili.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lepili uila i ʻekolu ʻano: ke ʻano hoʻōla kaapuni hoʻohui, ke ʻano kākau hou ʻana i ka uea ma kahi, a me ke ʻano kākau hou ʻana i ka uea ʻole ma kahi e like me nā ʻano hoʻokomo like ʻole o ka ʻike i mālama ʻia i loko; e like me ke ʻano loea o ka heluhelu ʻana i ka ʻikepili lepili uila, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻano: ʻEkolu mau ʻano o ke ʻano hoʻolaha hoʻolaha, ke ʻano hoʻonui alapine a me ke ʻano modulation noʻonoʻo; e like me nā ʻano hoʻolako ikehu like ʻole (lako mana pākaukau), hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻenehana ʻike alapine lekiō i ʻekolu mau ʻano: hana, passive a me ka semi-hana. ʻO ke ʻano hoʻokaʻawale kaulana o RFID, e like me ke alapine hana like ʻole (unit: Hz), ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i 4 mau ʻano o ke alapine haʻahaʻa (LF), ke alapine kiʻekiʻe (HF), ke alapine kiʻekiʻe loa (UHF) a me ka microwave frequency band (MW).

(1) ʻO ka maʻamau, he alapine hana o nā ʻōnaehana alapine haʻahaʻa/kiʻekiʻe <30MHz. ʻO nā alapine hana maʻamau he 125kHz, 225kHz, 13.56MHz (alapine hana kāleka IC ʻaʻohe pili o ke kāleka alapine lekiō), a pēlā aku. ʻO nā ʻōnaehana ʻike alapine lekiō e pili ana i kēia mau kiko alapine he mau kūlana honua like. ʻO kā lākou mau ʻano kumu: ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai o nā lepili uila, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻikepili i mālama ʻia i loko o nā lepili, a he pōkole ka mamao heluhelu (nā kūlana passive, ʻo ka mamao heluhelu maʻamau he 10cm), ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka lepili uila (ʻano kāleka, ʻano apo, ʻano pihi, ʻano peni), a ʻaʻole ikaika ka kuhikuhi ʻana o ka antenna heluhelu.

(2) ʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa i nā ʻōnaehana UHF/microwave kahi alapine hana> 400MHz, a ʻo nā kaula alapine hana maʻamau he 915MHz, 2450MHz, 5800MHz, a pēlā aku. Loaʻa i ka ʻōnaehana nā kūlana honua he nui e kākoʻo i kēia mau kaula alapine. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kumu: ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o nā leka uila a me nā mea heluhelu, ka nui o ka ʻikepili i mālama ʻia i loko o nā lepili, ka mamao heluhelu lōʻihi (a hiki i kekahi mau mika a ʻumi mika), a me ka hiki ke hoʻololi i nā mea. Maikaʻi ka hana neʻe wikiwiki, ʻo ke ʻano maʻamau he ʻano kāleka, a he kuhikuhi ikaika ka antenna heluhelu a me ka antenna lepili uila.

(3) Aia kahi pākahiko i loko o ka lepili uila hana, kahi maʻamau he mamao heluhelu lōʻihi. ʻO ka hemahema, he palena ke ola o ka pākahiko (3-10 mau makahiki); ʻaʻohe pākahiko i loko o ka lepili uila passive. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hōʻailona microwave mai ka mea heluhelu (mea hana probe), hoʻololi ia i kahi hapa o ka ikehu microwave i ke au pololei no kāna hana ponoʻī. Ma keʻano laulā, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia me ka mālama ʻole. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻōnaehana hana, he palena iki ka ʻōnaehana passive i ka mamao heluhelu a me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea.

(4) Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia ka ʻike i loko o ka lepili uila paʻa i hoʻohui ʻia i ke ʻano hana ROM i ka wā o ka hana ʻana o nā kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻike i mālama ʻia; kākau pinepine ka lepili uila kākau hou uea i ka ʻike i mālama ʻia i loko o ka lepili uila i loko. Ma kahi mālama E2 kūloko, pono kahi mea papahana a mea kākau paha no ke kākau hou ʻana, a pono e hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana kākau hou; kūpono ka lepili uila kākau hou uea ʻole ma ka pūnaewele no nā lepili uila hana, me nā kuhikuhi kākau hou kikoʻī, a aia pū ka ʻike i mālama ʻia ma ka wahi mālama E2. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa e pono ai ke kākau hou i ka ʻikepili lepili uila ma mua o ka manawa e pono ai e heluhelu i ka ʻikepili lepili uila. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻo ka manawa e pono ai no ke kākau hou ʻana ma ke ʻano o kekona, a ʻo ka manawa heluhelu ma ke ʻano o milliseconds.

(5) ʻŌnaehana ʻike alapine lekiō hoʻolaha. Pono ka lepili uila e hana ma ke ʻano hana a hoʻolaha i kāna ʻike ʻike i mālama ʻia i ka manawa maoli. Ua like ka mea heluhelu me kahi mea loaʻa e loaʻa wale ana akā ʻaʻole hoʻouna. ʻO ka hemahema o kēia ʻōnaehana: no ka mea, pono ka lepili uila e hoʻouna mau i ka ʻike i waho, hoʻopau ia i ka uila a hoʻoulu i ka haumia electromagnetic i ke kaiapuni, a ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka palekana a me ka pilikino o ka ʻōnaehana. He paʻakikī ke hoʻokō i ka ʻōnaehana ʻike alapine lekiō pālua. Ma keʻano laulā, hoʻouna ka mea heluhelu i kahi hōʻailona nīnau alapine lekiō, a ʻo ke alapine lawe hōʻailona i hoʻihoʻi ʻia e ka lepili uila he mea hoʻonui o ke alapine lekiō i hoʻouna ʻia e ka mea heluhelu. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano hana i ka maʻalahi no ka mea heluhelu e loaʻa a hana i nā hōʻailona leo. Eia nō naʻe, no nā lepili uila passive, i ka wā e hoʻololi ai ka lepili uila i ka ikehu alapine lekiō i loaʻa o ka mea heluhelu i alapine lawe leo pālua, haʻahaʻa kona pono hoʻololi ikehu. Pono nā mākau microwave kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka pono hoʻololi, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kumukūʻai lepili uila kiʻekiʻe. I ka manawa like, pono e noho ka hana o kēia ʻano ʻōnaehana i ʻelua mau kiko alapine hana, a he paʻakikī ke loaʻa ka laikini noi huahana o ke Kōmike Hoʻokele Alapine Lekiō.

(6) ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana ʻike alapine lekiō modulation reflection, ʻo ia ke hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ka hoʻouna ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana ma ke alapine like. Ke hana nei ka ʻōnaehana, hoʻouna ka mea heluhelu i kahi hōʻailona nīnau microwave (ikehu), a hoʻoponopono ka lepili uila (passive) i kahi hapa o ka hōʻailona ikehu nīnau microwave i loaʻa i ke au pololei no ka hana ʻana o ke kaapuni ma ka lepili uila, a mālama ʻia kekahi ʻāpana o ka hōʻailona ikehu microwave i loko o ka lepili uila. Hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻikepili ʻikepili (ASK) a hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka mea heluhelu. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hōʻailona modulation amplitude i hōʻike ʻia, wehewehe ia i ka ʻikepili ʻikepili i mālama ʻia i loko o ka lepili uila. I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana o ka ʻōnaehana, hoʻouna ka mea heluhelu i ka hōʻailona microwave a loaʻa i ka hōʻailona modulation amplitude i hōʻike ʻia i ka manawa like. ʻOi aku ka nāwaliwali o ka ikaika o ka hōʻailona i hōʻike ʻia ma mua o ka hōʻailona i hoʻouna ʻia. No laila, ʻo ka paʻakikī i ka hoʻokō ʻenehana aia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka alapine like.

ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka tag uila ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole e hoʻouna i nā hōʻailona like ʻole.

ʻO ka mamao hana ma waena o ka lepili alapine lekiō a me ka mea heluhelu ma ka ʻōnaehana ʻike alapine lekiō he mea nui ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana ʻike alapine lekiō. ʻO ka maʻamau, ua wehewehe ʻia kēia mamao hana ʻo ia ka mamao ma waena o ka lepili alapine lekiō a me ka mea heluhelu e hoʻololi pono ai i ka ʻikepili. ʻO ka laulā o ka ʻōnaehana ʻike alapine lekiō he papa kuhikuhi piha, e pili pono ana i ke kūlana kūlike o nā lepili alapine lekiō a me nā mea heluhelu. Wahi a ka mamao o ka ʻōnaehana ʻike alapine lekiō, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pilina ma waena o ka antenna lepili alapine lekiō a me ka antenna mea heluhelu i ʻekolu mau māhele.

(1) ʻŌnaehana pili pono. ʻO ka mamao hana maʻamau o ka ʻōnaehana mai 0 a 1cm. I nā hana kūpono, pono pinepine e hoʻokomo i ka lepili alapine lekiō i loko o ka mea heluhelu a i ʻole e kau iā ia ma luna o ka ʻili o ka antenna mea heluhelu. Hoʻohana ka ʻōnaehana pili kokoke i ka pili inductive (kaapuni magnetic pani) ma waena o ka lepili alapine lekiō a me ka ʻāpana kahua kokoke o ka antenna mea heluhelu e hana i kahi alapine lekiō hoʻoili ʻike spatial contactless. ʻO ka alapine hana o ka ʻōnaehana pili pono e kaupalena ʻia i kekahi alapine ma lalo o 30MHz. ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi ka leaka electromagnetic o ke ʻano pili kokoke a nui ka ikehu i loaʻa e ka pili ʻana, kūpono ia no nā ʻōnaehana noi (e like me nā laka puka uila) e koi ana i ka palekana kiʻekiʻe a ʻaʻohe koi no ka mamao hana.

(2) ʻŌnaehana Telecoupling. Hiki i ka mamao hana maʻamau o ka ʻōnaehana telecoupling ke hiki i ka lm. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻōnaehana telecoupling i ʻelua ʻano: ka ʻōnaehana kokoke i ka pili (ʻo ka mamao hana maʻamau he 15cm) a me ka ʻōnaehana sparsely coupled (ʻo ka mamao hana maʻamau he lm). ʻO ka alapine hana maʻamau o ka ʻōnaehana pili mamao he 13.56MHz, a aia kekahi mau alapine ʻē aʻe, e like me 6.75MHz, 27.125MHz a pēlā aku. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka ʻōnaehana telecoupling a me ka ʻōnaehana pili paʻa, ʻo ia ka mana o ka pili inductive he ʻokoʻa, ka mea e ʻokoʻa ai ka mamao pili. ʻO nā ʻōnaehana pili mamao ke kumu nui o nā ʻōnaehana ʻike alapine lekiō haʻahaʻa.

(3) ʻŌnaehana mamao loa. ʻO ka mamao hana maʻamau o ka ʻōnaehana mamao loa he 1～10m, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka mamao hana o kēlā me kēia ʻōnaehana. Hoʻohana nā ʻōnaehana mamao loa a pau i ka hoʻopili electromagnetic (emission electromagnetic wave and reflection) ma waena o ka lepili alapine lekiō a me ka antenna mea heluhelu e hoʻolaha i ka ʻāpana mamao loa e hana i kahi alapine lekiō hoʻoili ʻike spatial contactless. ʻO ka alapine hana maʻamau o ka ʻōnaehana mamao loa he 915MHz, 2.45GHz, 5.8GHz, eia kekahi, aia kekahi mau alapine ʻē aʻe, e like me 433MHz a pēlā aku. Ua māhele ʻia nā lepili alapine lekiō o ka ʻōnaehana mamao loa i nā lepili alapine lekiō passive (me ka ʻole o nā pila) a me nā lepili alapine lekiō semi-passive (me nā pila) e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pila. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka laulā o ka lepili alapine lekiō e loaʻa ana ka pila ma mua o ka lepili alapine lekiō me ka ʻole o ka pila. ʻAʻole hāʻawi ka pila i loko o ka lepili alapine lekiō semi-passive i ka ikehu no ka hoʻoili ʻikepili ma waena o ka lepili alapine lekiō a me ka mea heluhelu, akā hāʻawi wale i ka ikehu no ka chip lepili alapine lekiō e lawelawe no ka heluhelu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻikepili. Hoʻohana ka ʻōnaehana mamao loa i ke ʻano hana modulation noʻonoʻo e hoʻokō i ka hoʻoili ʻikepili mai ka lepili alapine lekiō i ka mea heluhelu/mea kākau. Loaʻa i nā ʻōnaehana mamao loa ke kuhikuhi maʻamau, a ʻo ke kumukūʻai o nā lepili alapine lekiō a me nā mea heluhelu ke kiʻekiʻe nei. Mai kahi manaʻo loea, ʻo kahi ʻōnaehana mamao loa e hoʻokō ana i nā ʻano aʻe he ʻōnaehana RFID kūpono: He passive nā lepili RFID a hiki ke heluhelu a kākau ʻia me ke kelepona ʻole; Kākoʻo nā lepili RFID a me nā mea heluhelu i ka heluhelu a me ke kākau ʻana i nā lepili he nui; kūpono no ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea neʻe wikiwiki (ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea ma mua o 80kin/h); mamao loa (ʻoi aku ka mamao o ka heluhelu a kākau ma mua o 5-10m); haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai (hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi o ka hoʻohana hoʻokahi manawa).